Predatory behaviour of an invasive amphipod in response to varying conspecific densities under higher-order predation risk

نویسندگان

  • Josephine C. Iacarella
  • Emma J. Hudgins
  • Jaimie T.A. Dick
  • Anthony Ricciardi
چکیده

Behavioural responses of invasive animals to biotic interactions can inform predictions of their consumptive impacts; however, such biotic contexts are often overlooked. Here, we assessed the interacting effect of conspecific and higher-order predation risk on the per capita consumption and behaviours of the invasive freshwater amphipod Gammarus pulex, using field microcosm and video-recorded lab experiments in Northern Ireland. Gammarus pulex exhibited higher per capita consumption in the presence of conspecifics, owing to reduced handling time of prey, regardless of fish presence and despite reduced swimming time and increased time spent physically interacting with each other. Consumption was lower in the presence of fish in the field, and handling time decreased with greater amphipod densities in the presence of fish cue in the lab. Our results show that impacts of G. pulex are independently influenced by conspecifics and predation risk, whereas handling time revealed an interacting effect of conspecific density and predation risk. Further assessments of the responses of invasive animals to biotic interactions could help explain variability in their impacts at local spatial scales. Résumé : Si les réponses comportementales d’animaux envahissants à des interactions biotiques peuvent éclairer la prédiction des impacts de ces dernières sur la consommation, bien souvent, ces contextes biotiques ne sont pas pris en considération. Nous avons évalué les effets interactifs des risques que présentent les conspécifiques et la prédation par des espèces d’ordre supérieur sur la consommation individuelle et les comportements de l’amphipode d’eau douce envahissant Gammarus pulex, en utilisant des expériences de terrain enmicrocosme et des expériences en laboratoire enregistrées sur vidéo en Irlande duNord. LesG. pulex présentaient une consommation individuelle plus élevée en présence de conspécifiques en raison du temps demanipulation des proies plus court, peu importe si des poissons étaient présents, et malgré des temps de nage plus faibles et plus de temps passé à interagir physiquement entre eux. La consommation était plus faible en présence de poissons sur le terrain, et le temps de manipulation diminuait pour de plus grandes densités d’amphipodes en présence de signaux de poisson en laboratoire. Les résultats montrent que les conspécifiques et le risque de prédation exercent des influences indépendantes sur les impacts de G. pulex, alors que les temps demanipulation révèlent un effet interactif de la densité de conspécifiques et du risque de prédation. D’autres évaluations des réponses d’animaux envahissants à des interactions biotiques pourraient aider à expliquer la variabilité de leurs impacts à des échelles spatiales locales. [Traduit par la Rédaction]

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تاریخ انتشار 2017